Human Language Technologies
نویسندگان
چکیده
A tension exists between the increasingly rich semantic models in knowledge management systems and the continuing prevalence of human language materials in large organisations. The process of tying semantic models and natural language together is referred to as semantic annotation, which may also be characterized as the dynamic creation of bidirectional relationships between ontologies and unstructured and semi-structured documents. Information extraction (IE) takes unseen texts as input and produces fixed-format, unambiguous data as output. It involves processing text to identify selected information, such as particular named entities or relations among them from text documents. Named entities include people, organizations, locations and so on, while relations typically include physical relations (located, near, part-whole, etc.), personal or social relations (business, family, etc.), and membership (employ-staff, member-of-group, etc.). Ontology-based information extraction (OBIE) can be adapted specifically for semantic annotation tasks. An important difference between traditional IE and OBIE is the latter’s closely coupled use of an ontology as one of the system’s resources – the ontology serves not only as a schema or list of classifications in the output, but also as input data – its structure affects the training and tagging processes. We present here two ontology-based developments for information extraction. OBIE experiments demonstrate clearly that the integration of ontologies as a knowledge source within HLT applications leads to improved performance. Another important finding is that computational efficiency of the underlying machine learning methods is especially important for HLT tasks, as the system may need to train hundreds of classifiers depending on the size of the ontology. K. Bontcheva(*) Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, UK e-mail: [email protected] J. Davies et al. (eds.), Semantic Knowledge Management, 37 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 38 K. Bontcheva et al.
منابع مشابه
The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review
The use of technology has become an important part of the learning process in and out of the class. Every language class usually uses some form of technology. Technology has been used to both help and improve language learning. Technology enables teachers to adapt classroom activities, thus enhancing the language learning process. Technology continues to grow in importance as a tool to help tea...
متن کاملAdvertising Keyword Suggestion Using Relevance-Based Language Models from Wikipedia Rich Articles
When emerging technologies such as Search Engine Marketing (SEM) face tasks that require human level intelligence, it is inevitable to use the knowledge repositories to endow the machine with the breadth of knowledge available to humans. Keyword suggestion for search engine advertising is an important problem for sponsored search and SEM that requires a goldmine repository of knowledge. A recen...
متن کاملAffordances and limitations of technology: Voices from EFL teachers and learners
With the developments of new technologies appearing very quickly, the attention has been focused more on technology than learning. English centers and institutes have mostly been busy accommodating new programs and technologies and hence have not spent enough time to evaluate the CALL programs and technologies employed to find their affordances and limitations. The present study was an attempt ...
متن کاملDFKI GMBH: THE ELSNET ROADMAP FOR HUMAN LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGIES (V1.0) The ELSNET Roadmap for Human Language Technologies
متن کامل
European Language Resources Association History and Recent developments
This paper aims at describing the rational behind the foundation of the European Language Resources Association (ELRA) in 1995 and its activities since then with a particular focus on Language Resources and Human Language Technologies Evaluation activities. The main message is the promotion of a concept of Basic language Resource Kit that should be available for all languages in order to suppor...
متن کاملHuman Language Technologies for Knowledge Management
This paper outlines the central role a range of human language technologies play in the emerging discipline of knowledge management. We articulate several grand challenges, illustrate some early successes, and recommend areas of continued research.
متن کامل